Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are increasingly deployed across critical applications such as military surveillance, environmental monitoring, and smart cities. However, WSNs are susceptible to various security threats due to their resource constraints, open wireless communication, and unattended operation.

There is a growing need for on-device intelligence that can operate under microjoule-level energy constraints and provide trustworthy data due to the proliferation of battery-powered and energy-harvesting Internet of Things (IoT) nodes. History shows that previous methods treated inference, security,

Standard algorithms like AES-128 offer robust and widely-accepted security, but they place a heavy computational and energy burden on endpoints with limited resources, such as Internet of Things (IoT) devices with limited power sources. On the other hand, lightweight alternatives like the ASCON, SPECK, and PRESENT ciphers, which are standardized by NIST, .....

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) form an integral part of the modern Internet of Things (IoT) infrastructure and are used in healthcare, agriculture, smart cities and military applications. However, their open wireless medium, limited processing power and dispersed architecture makes them very vulnerable to a wide range of cyber assaults including Sinkhole, Blackhole, Flooding, Sybil, Wormhole and Selective Forwarding attacks