Polymorphic threats, which frequently change their code to evade signature-based detection mechanisms, pose a significant challenge to traditional cyber-security solutions. This paper investigates the efficacy of self-supervised learning (SSL) in detecting such evolving threats within web server logs. By training models without labeled data, SSL approaches leverage structural and temporal features in web logs to learn generalizable representations of benign and malicious activity. We develop a transformer-based SSL architecture incorporating contrastive learning and masked log modeling. Experimental results on a modified version of the CIC IDS 2018 and a synthetically generated polymorphic attack dataset demonstrate significant improvements in threat detection, with an F1-score of 94.7%, outperforming supervised baselines in low-data settings. This study contributes to the growing body of AI-based cyber-security methods by proposing a scalable and adaptive system for real-world web environments.

वैदिक काल में सामाजिक व्यवस्था एवं सन्तुलन के निर्धारण में जिन प्रमुख संरचनाओं की आवश्यकता होती है, उनमें अभिजन वर्ग भी प्रमुख है। प्रत्येक समाज में किसी न किसी प्रकार का सामाजिक संस्तरण होना अति आवश्यक है। अतः प्रत्येक समाज में प्रमुखतया दो वर्गों का अस्तित्व अवश्य पाया जाता है। अभिजन वर्ग की अवधारणा और समाज में इसके प्रभाव को स्पष्ट करने की दृष्टि से ही पैरेटो ने इस तत्सम्बन्धी सिद्धान्त का प्रतिपादन किया है। अभिजन वर्ग संरचना समाज में शक्ति संरचना और निर्णय निर्माण प्रक्रिया में प्रकट समाज के आधारभूत मूल्यों का प्रतिनिधित्व करती है। अधिकांशतः अभिजन शब्द का प्रयोग, समाज में उच्च स्थान प्राप्त करने वालों के लिये किया जाता है। समाज के राजनीतिक, आर्थिक, धार्मिक, किसी भी क्षेत्र में उच्च स्थान प्राप्त करने वालों को अभिजन कहते है। अभिजन को परिभाषित करने की दिशा में, पैरोटो व मोस्का लगभग समकालीन विचारक थे दोनों में अभिजन के संदर्भ में अनुपात के दृष्टिकोण से अन्तर थाए पैरेटो ने अभिजन की परिभाषा करते हुये कहा है ष्इसी प्रकार,मानवीय गतिविधि के, प्रत्येक क्षेत्र में अंक निर्धारित किये जाये और जिन लोगों को किसी विशिष्ट मानवीय गतिविधि के क्षेत्र में सर्वाेच्च अंक मिले और उनका एक वर्ग बनाया जाये, तो उस वर्ग को अभिजन कहेंगे।

Traffic Sign Recognition (TSR) is a critical component of intelligent transportation systems and autonomous vehicles. While cloud-based AI solutions provide high accuracy, they often suffer from high latency, bandwidth limitations, and privacy concerns. This paper presents an edge AI-enabled TSR system that integrates lightweight deep learning models optimized for real-time inference directly on edge devices. The proposed framework employs a quantized MobileNetV2 model with optimized pre-processing pipelines and hardware-aware model compression. Evaluated on the German Traffic Sign Recognition Benchmark (GTSRB) and Indian Traffic Sign Dataset (ITSD), the system achieves over 97% accuracy with inference latency under 50 milliseconds on Raspberry Pi 4 and NVIDIA Jetson Nano. This study demonstrates that deploying AI at the edge not only maintains high accuracy but also significantly reduces response time, making it a practical and scalable solution for real-world intelligent transport systems.

उत्तरी राजस्थान में बढ़ते तापमान का कृषि पर प्रभाव एक गंभीर समस्या बनती जा रही है। इस शोधपत्र में जलवायु परिवर्तन के कारण उत्तरी राजस्थान में हो रहे तापमान वृद्धि और उसके कृषि पर पड़ने वाले प्रभावों का विश्लेषण किया गया है। अध्ययन दर्शाता है कि बढ़ते तापमान के कारण मृदा की नमी में कमी, फसल चक्र में अनिश्चितता, तथा कृषि उत्पादन में गिरावट देखने को मिल रही है। इसके अतिरिक्त, सिंचाई जल की उपलब्धता में कमी और बढ़ती गर्म हवाओं के कारण किसानों को अनेक चुनौतियों का सामना करना पड़ रहा है। अनुसंधान में जलवायु परिवर्तन के प्रमुख कारकों जैसे ग्रीनहाउस गैस उत्सर्जन, वनस्पति कवर की कमी और जल संसाधनों के अति-शोषण का भी अध्ययन किया गया है। अध्ययन के निष्कर्ष बताते हैं कि उत्तरी राजस्थान में कृषि की स्थिरता बनाए रखने के लिए जल संरक्षण तकनीकों, उन्नत सिंचाई प्रणालियों और तापमान-प्रतिरोधी फसल प्रजातियों को अपनाना आवश्यक है। यह शोध इस दिशा में संभावित समाधान सुझाता है और नीति-निर्माताओं, किसानों तथा शोधकर्ताओं के लिए महत्वपूर्ण जानकारी प्रदान करता है।

The exponential rise in social media usage in India has been accompanied by a significant increase in cybercrime incidents. This study undertakes a comparative analysis of cybercrime cases reported on major social media platforms—Facebook, Instagram, Twitter (X), and YouTube—between 2019 and 2023. Drawing on data from government records, platform transparency reports, and expert interviews, the study categorizes prevalent cybercrimes such as identity theft, cyberbullying, hate speech, financial fraud, and obscene content dissemination. It further examines the technical vulnerabilities exploited and assesses the adequacy and enforcement of existing legal frameworks, including provisions under the Information Technology Act, 2000 and the Indian Penal Code. The results reveal a steady rise in cybercrimes, platform-specific patterns of abuse, and gaps in law enforcement and digital policy. The study concludes with recommendations for legal reform, platform accountability, and enhanced digital literacy to effectively address the growing threat of cybercrime in India.

Background: The objective of this paper is to provide insights into the availability of non-prescribed drugs and to explore the factors that influence their dispensing without a prescription, the self-medication habits of different age groups, and their knowledge of the possible risks associated with their use. Methods: The research was conducted using a cross-sectional approach. Data was collected from several pharmacies concerning their non-prescribed drug sales and the reasons for dispensing them without a prescription. Moreover, a survey was administered to individuals from various age groups to assess their awareness of the risks of consuming non-prescribed medications. Outcome: The findings from this study gave us a deeper insight into the extent of non-prescribed drug consumption and the main factors influencing such sales. As a result, it will be helpful to intervene in strategies to enhance regulation and raise public consciousness. Having a better understanding of the factors that contribute to non-prescription drug dispensing will assist in overcoming the challenges associated with it in terms of public health. Conclusion: This study showed that more action and awareness are required to mitigate the potential risks associated with the use of non-prescribed drugs.

यह शोध अध्ययन माध्यमिक स्तर के विद्यार्थियों के मानसिक तनाव पर अभिभावक शैली के प्रभाव का विश्लेषण करने के उद्देश्य से किया गया। अध्ययन में 500 विद्यार्थियों का चयन किया गया। यह शोध पारिवारिक वातावरण, विशेषकर अभिभावकों की पालन-पोषण शैली और विद्यार्थियों की मानसिक दशा के मध्य संबंधों को उजागर करता है। शोध में यह पाया गया कि कठोर, अत्यधिक नियंत्रक अथवा उपेक्षात्मक अभिभावक शैली अपनाने वाले घरों के विद्यार्थियों में तनाव का स्तर अपेक्षाकृत अधिक होता है। इसके विपरीत सहयोगात्मक और संवादपरक शैली तनाव को कम करने में सहायक सिद्ध होती है। आंकड़ों के सांख्यिकीय विश्लेषण द्वारा यह सिद्ध किया गया कि अभिभावक शैली और विद्यार्थियों के मानसिक तनाव के मध्य मध्यम स्तर का सकारात्मक सहसंबंध विद्यमान है, जो कि बालकों एवं बालिकाओं के मध्य भिन्नता भी प्रदर्शित करता है। इस शोध से यह निष्कर्ष निकलता है कि विद्यार्थियों के मानसिक स्वास्थ्य के संरक्षण हेतु सकारात्मक एवं सहायक अभिभावक शैली को बढ़ावा दिया जाना चाहिए।

This study investigates how Performance Management Systems (PMS) affect organizational effectiveness in the development sector of a few Arunachal Pradesh districts. The purpose of the study is to assess how elements like training and development, goal clarity, ongoing feedback, and the equity of performance reviews affect operational success. Data was gathered from 120 personnel of different government and non-governmental development organizations using a standardized questionnaire. While goal-setting techniques are generally sound, descriptive statistical analysis employing frequency and percentage tables showed that access to training programs and ongoing feedback are seriously lacking. The results show that better organizational performance is directly correlated with well-structured PMS procedures. The study suggests that in order to improve service delivery and institutional efficiency in the area, PMS should be implemented more consistently and strategically.

This study examines the efficacy of social media marketing (SMM) tactics used by business owners in Nagaland, an area where digital and small-scale entrepreneurship is expanding quickly. Platforms like Facebook, Instagram, and WhatsApp are becoming more and more relevant, and business owners are using them to increase brand awareness, interact with consumers, and increase revenue. 120 business owners from a range of industries participated in a structured survey to evaluate platform preferences, marketing goals, and implementation difficulties. The results show that although SMM is widely used due to its reach and accessibility, entrepreneurs encounter major challenges such a lack of technical expertise, problems with content management, and financial limitations. Notwithstanding these obstacles, there is still a lot of room for digital growth. The report emphasizes the necessity of focused training initiatives and assistance at the policy level to enable regional companies to use social media more successfully.

A particular emphasis is placed on the development of sustainability over the course of this study, which investigates the difficulties and opportunities that women entrepreneurs in the handicrafts sector of Assam encounter. We used a mixed-methods approach to collect data from 120 female entrepreneurs. We used structured questionnaires to collect information, and we supplemented it with in-depth interviews. According to the findings, despite the fact that women face a variety of obstacles, including restricted access to raw materials, financial constraints, insufficient marketing support, and societal pressures, they are increasingly adopting sustainable practices such as the utilization of environmentally friendly materials, waste recycling, and fair trade collaborations. In addition, there are apparent potential for expansion in areas such as participation in government programs, internet marketing platforms, and networking with non-governmental organizations and self-help groups. As a result of thematic insights, it has been determined that cultural pride, resilience, and creativity are important factors driving sustained participation in the handicrafts sector. According to the findings of the study, it is vital to implement targeted interventions in the areas of skill development, digital inclusion, and policy assistance in order to empower female entrepreneurs and foster sustainable growth in the region.

This study explored the influence of social media marketing on consumer preferences for the online purchase of daily use goods in Greater Noida. With the rapid growth of digital connectivity and smartphone usage, social media platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, and WhatsApp have become critical tools for businesses to engage consumers. A structured questionnaire was administered to 180 respondents to assess their platform usage, purchasing frequency, and responsiveness to digital marketing content, including advertisements and influencer promotions. The results revealed that a significant proportion of consumers were influenced by social media content in their purchasing decisions, particularly those related to daily use products. Most respondents reported frequent online purchases and showed a preference for products endorsed by online reviews or influencers. These findings suggest that strategic social media marketing has the potential to effectively drive consumer behavior in urban markets. The study recommends that businesses develop targeted, platform-specific strategies to maximize consumer engagement and brand loyalty.